经济学院青年教师定期开展学术沙龙,每次邀请一位青年教师或博士后主讲,聚焦学术前沿,分享研究成果,剖析时代热点,碰撞思想火花。本次活动的主讲人是我院青年教师左雪静老师,讨论的主题是“自由化到极化:中国国企改革如何重构城市劳动力市场”。众多中青年教师、博士后及学生参加了本次学术沙龙。大家对这样轻松自由的学术交流方式反响良好,认为沙龙不仅起到了启发思维的作用,也促进了青年教师之间合作研究的可能。本次沙龙由经济学院青年教师胡博老师主持。
『第18期』
左雪静
时间:2023年5月26日(周五)11:45-13:30
地点:经济学院201会议室
主讲:左雪静,复旦大学经济学院讲师,美国休斯顿大学经济学博士毕业(2018)。主要研究领域为劳动经济学、实验经济学以及中国经济。特别关注性别平等问题。主要研究成果发表在美国国家科学院院刊(Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2019)、经济与统计评论(The Review of Economics and Statistics, 2021), 以及经济行为与组织(The Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2023)。主持国家自然科学基金青年项目(2021-2023)。
题目:Liberalization to Polarization: How China’s State-Owned Enterprise Reform Restructures the Urban Labor Market
摘要:Why did China experience one of the fastest increases in income inequality from 1990s to 2010s around the world? In this study, we provide new evidence on this question by quantifying the impact of the State–Owned Enterprise (SOE) reform on individuals’ labor market outcomes in 1990s in urban areas. A key feature of this reform is that massive layoff (over 35 million workers across the country) happened in less than 5 years and the regional reform intensity is highly correlated with pre–reform local collective-enterprises (local SOEs) employment share. Using more than ten waves of household survey, we employ both differencein-difference and event study approaches to identify the causal impact of this reform. We find that individuals are more likely to leave the labor market, less likely to be employed, and more likely to sort into self–employment in those high reform intensity areas comparing to those low reform intensity areas. We also find that the SOE reform has significantly decreased workers’ income. Heterogenous analysis suggests that younger cohort (age below 25) are more negatively affected in labor force participation and lower educated individuals suffered more loss in income than others. Our results suggest that the SOE reform has contributed more than 50% for the increase in the overall income inequality from 1992 to 2004.
我国的收入不平等在2010年之后开始呈现下降趋势。过去的大量研究表明,收入的极化主要开始出现在90年代末,但是具体原因仍然没有确切统一的结论。在本研究中,我们通过量化90年代末的“下岗潮”对城市地区个体劳动力市场结果的影响,为这个问题提供新的认识。在1997至2001年间,全国有超过3500万人“下岗“,地区层面”下岗”规模的大小与国企改制之前地方国有企业和集体企业的就业份额高度相关。结合十多轮的城市地区家庭入户调查,我们采用事件研究法来识别因果关系。我们发现,与改革强度低的地区相比,在改革强度高的地区,个人更有可能离开劳动力市场,无法完成就业而自谋职业。我们还发现,国有企业改革显著降低了工人的收入。异质性分析表明,年轻群体(25岁以下)在劳动力参与方面受到的负面影响更大,受教育程度较低的个人比其他人遭受的收入损失更大。我们的研究结果表明,从1992年到2004年,国有企业改革对整体收入不平等的加剧贡献了50%以上。