Jianfeng Wu,American Economic Journal: Economic Policy,Special Economic Zones and Human Capital Investment: 30 Years of Evidence from China."

本研究利用中国数量庞大、种类丰富的经济开发区，探讨了经济开发区如何影响人力资本投资。结果表明，经济开发区大大提高了当地的高中入学率，但不同类型的经济开发区所产生的影响不尽相同：技术导向型经济开发区鼓励周边人群继续高中教育，而出口导向型经济开发区则激励学生更早就业。经济开发区提供的需要高中学历的工作机会和更高学历的工资溢价增加了高中入学率，而需要初中学历的工作机会和较低学历的工资溢价作用相反。经济开发区对高中入学率的正影响只有极小部分可归因于开发区带来的家庭收入增加。

By exploiting the large quantity and rich variety of special economic zones (SEZs) in China, this study investigates how such zones affect human capital investment. Results show that SEZs significantly increase the local high school enrollment rate, but the impact varies across zone types: technology-oriented zones encourage education, while export-led zones discourage it. The increased job opportunities and wage premiums inside SEZs for employees with high school education increase high school enrollment, while such opportunities and wages for employees with middle school education decrease enrollment. A very small portion of the impact, if any, can be attributed to increased income.